2015年1月25日 星期日

怪獸家長與直升機家長 - 《信報財經新聞》

怪獸家長與直升機家長

日前網上流傳百貨公司店長與家長顧客的對話留言,引起社會對家長投訴的關注。其實在教育界,類似的無理要求無日無之,然而社會對家校衝突的新聞大多一笑置之,又或以「怪獸」廣泛概括,卻極少探討當中意涵。其實問題家長有不同類型,應對亦大不相同。

第一類被坊間稱為「怪獸家長」,此詞出自日本法政大學教授尾木直樹之著作。此類家長較多屬於中產以上的專業人士,傾向以自身觀點為中心,例如對功課量、課程設置,以至人事升遷等提出尖銳意見,相關家校衝突往往涉及權力的爭奪,衍生教師專業性被「消費者」凌駕的問題。一般而言,學校會從體制着手,透過法團校董會、家長教師會等向家長賦權,透過各級諮詢會聽取意見,並透過家長教育闡述立場,進而塑造家長的期望,使其了解家校兩者的角色定位。

第二類被坊間稱為「直升機家長」,它被學者用以描述過度參與學校事務的家長。他們與怪獸家長近似,不同的是多以孩子利益為中心,意圖營造有利自己孩子的環境,從課室座位編排、空調溫度,到教師對違規學生的處理決定,均參與其中,以爭取子女利益。家長不一定關心客觀概念上的好壞,而是單純避免子女失敗或受損,確保子女是最終受益者,故其立場經常轉移。例如子女是違犯者時以孩子不懂事為由,希望從輕發落;子女是受害者時便主張學校報警,從嚴處理等。應對此類家長,學校會較強調溝通的重要性,讓家長清楚了解規章的由來與安排。

上述兩類家校衝突皆有不同重點,前者屬過度干涉,涉及家校關係及教育議題的認知,後者屬過度保護,只關注自己子女是否受益者。筆者認為,父母對子女關愛是與生俱來,他們的建議有時亦具有不少建設性,可是父母應了解,自身行為亦是身教之一。前者推倒傳統教師權威,以後教導子女便只能通過利誘或漫長的游說;後者令子女進一步自我中心,當他們進入社會工作時遭遇逆境,便較少審視自身不足,而是先把責任歸屬於他人或社會,失去反思改進的機會。如只以向學校或社會施壓來表達對子女的關愛,後果極可能得不償失。


梁亦華(2015.01.24)︰怪獸家長與直升機家長,《信報財經新聞》,C04,優質教育。

2015年1月12日 星期一

[論文] 家校衝突與衝突管理的質性研究 - 《教育學報》(BNU)


家校衝突與衝突管理的質性研究


【摘要】

近年關於家校關係的研究明顯增加,家校協作被視為提升教學與管理效能的不二法門,然而雙方對彼此角色與決策認知卻有所不同,形成潛在的衝突源頭。對此,學界仍少有文獻探討。為填補此缺口,本研究邀請香港地區十三名小學教師接受半結構訪談,以瞭解他們對衝突的概念、家校分歧之瞭解、及其相關處理策略。


研究發現年資淺的教師較關注其負面影響,視之為阻礙,亦更重視教師專業角色;資深教師則正向定義衝突,視家長為意見提供者與監察者,並更願意向其問責;家校衝突的範疇較少涉及教與學,而多見於雙方對彼此角色期望及處事公平存在爭議;處理手法方面,如衝突涉及教學、違規與權責等,教師傾向以競爭手法堅持立場;如涉及課室管理與學生關顧等則傾向以順應形式處理。



【關鍵字】 

家校協作;家校關係;家校衝突;學校管理;衝突管理



梁亦華(2015)︰〈家校衝突與衝突管理的質性研究〉,《教育學報》。(待出版)
Download is temporarily not available.
Please wait a few weeks or make request through my email if you would like to get the article.


[論文] 教育去中央化與香港校長的專業發展(Eng Only) - 《IJCED》

Education decentralization and professional development of the principal in Hong Kong 


Abstract 
The school principal plays a crucial role in school management. Its professional development is  not  only  the  key  to  successful  school  operation,  but  also  reflects  the  government’s understanding  and  expectation  of  the  role  of  principals.  In  Hong  Kong,  however,  little attention has been paid to the policies about the professional development of principals. To close the research gap, this study has thoroughly reviewed the relevant documents so as to trace trends in professional development of principals in the past 30 years. 

From the textual analysis, several distinct trends are identified. First, both preparation and in-service programme aims to prepare for the challenge in the future, instead of the passive approach  to  problem  solving  in  schools;  Second,  the  government  allows  more  diversity  in professional development of the principal, from structured and systematic training course to different  kinds  of  school-based  analysis  and  personal  reflection;  Third,  the  professional community  of  in-service  principals  has  taken  over  the  dominant  role  of  the  government through their active participation in the pre-service preparation programme, as well as the mentorship for the novice principals.   

Keywords
Principal preparation, Professional Development of Principal, School Leadership, Principalship




Leung, Y. W. (2014). Education decentralization and professional development of the principal in Hong Kong, International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 16(2), 97-109.

[論文] 變革與衝突︰初任校長實踐學習型組織的挑戰 - 《香港教師中心學報》

《變革與衝突:初任校長實踐學習型組織的挑戰》


摘要
自香港回歸以來,教育局推動了不同類型的改革措施,改革範疇從課程以至學校架構等,這對教師工作及其教學信念之影響尤深,然而改革卻未必能贏得校內所有教師之認同。作為學校領導,校長是帶領學校變革,落實教改措施的關鍵。近年適逢香港中小學面臨校長退休潮,學校領導之責落在眾多初任校長身上,亦為教改添加隱憂。

為瞭解初任校長帶領學校變革之困難,本文對學校變革的相關文獻作系統梳理與述評,並環繞學者 Senge 提出的學習型組織理論,討論其變革管理的主張與在校實踐的差距,從而揭示初任校長帶領變革的挑戰及潛在衝突,為未來各校討論建立學習型組織及學校變革提供更深入反思的平台。

關鍵詞
校長領導,學校變革,學習型組織,衝突管理



Reform and conflict: The challenge of novice principals in the development of learning organization


Abstract
Since 1997, Education Bureau of Hong Kong has launched the school reform measures in various aspects, from curriculum reform to school restructuring, which required a fundamental change in teachers’ belief about teaching and learning. Yet, the reform may not reflect a common consensus among teachers and generates conflicts in school. The school principal plays a crucial role in the implementation of school reform. However, there is an expected wave of retirement among experienced principals. More novice principals thus need to take a leading role in driving school change and bring new uncertainties.

To understand the challenge of novice principals, this paper reviewed the literature on school reform and examined the potential conflict in the development of learning organization. The implementation gap between Senge’s theory and practice were critically discussed in order to address the challenge of novice principals when driving new school change and provide a wider platform for discussion of school reform, as well as the development of learning organization in schools.

Keywords
principal leadership, school reform, learning organization, conflict management



梁亦華(2014)︰〈變革與衝突︰初任校長實踐學習型組織的挑戰〉,《香港教師中心學報》,13,65-78。